LINKS TO OTHER
http://www.muhammadanism.com/Ghazali/Default.htm Muhammadism - Al-Ghazali's Life - Biography entitled
Al-Ghazali: His Life (author not
given). Al-Ghazali on hypocrisy:
On the day of the resurrection
orders will be given to take the martyr to the Fire, and he will say, ‘O Lord,
I was martyred fighting in Thy path’, and God most high will say to him, ‘You
wanted it to be said that so and so is brave; that has been said, and that is
your reward’. The same will be said of the scholar, the man who has performed
the pilgrimage to Mecca, and the reciter of the Qur'an.
(Acknowledged source – Lycos ® [dowloaded 2/3 May 2002])
http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/g5.htm
Philosophical Dictionary:
Ghazali-Godwin
al-Ghazàlì, Abù Hamìd Muhammad
(1058-1111) – Persian Islamic theologian who rejected all philosophical claims
to knowledge, attacking the views of al-Farabi and Ibn Sina, in Tahafut al
falasifah (The Incoherence of the
Philosophers [at http://www.amazon.com/)},
to which Ibn Rushd wrote a sharp reply. al-Ghazàlì's Logica et Philosophica defended an
occasionalist view of the natural world and maintained that experience,
including especially divine revelation, is a more reliable ground for knowledge
than is reason (Acknowledged source – Philosophical
Dictionary: Ghazali-Godwin and listed in Google
® [downloaded 2/3 May 2002]).
Basic material with good links to both hard
and soft materials.
http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/muslim/ghazali.html The Window ™ Philosophers:
Ghazali's major contribution
lies in religion, philosophy and sufism. A number of Muslim philosophers had
been following and developing several viewpoints of Greek philosophy, including
the Neoplatonic philosophy, and this was leading to conflict with several
Islamic teachings. On the other hand, the movement of sufism was assuming such
excessive proportions as to avoid observance of obligatory prayers and duties
of Islam. Based on his unquestionable scholarship and personal mystical
experience, Ghazali sought to rectify these trends, both in philosophy and
sufism.
An Interactive Web Site. Acknowledged Source – The Window™ and listed
in Google ® (downloaded 2/3 May 2002).
http://sammelpunkt.philo.at:8080/archive/00000112/
Franz Martin Wow, Aluminium Ghazali
In the Islamic tradition there
is an excessive quantity to clean and animate after which at the beginning of
each century a person into action goes, in order the Islam. For the century
change from 5. to 6. After century attributed the Hedschra this role often Abu
Hamid Muhammad ben Muhammad aluminium-Tusi aluminium Gazali. The years before
500 n.H. were coined/shaped a time by philosophical and religious conflicts.
Numerous new schools, religious groupings and sparkling wines fought for their
primacy to be in the conviction in the possession of the only and absolute
truth. (computerised translation from the German)
Full text available as: Pdf -
Requires Adobe Acrobat reader or OTHER pdf more viewer.
Good background material. Acknowledged Source –Franz Martin Wow and
listed in Google ® (downloaded 2/3 May
2002).
http://www.sunnah.org/tasawwuf/jihad002.html
GHAZALI ON JIHAD AL-NAFS [FIGHTING
THE EGO]
Translated from the following
parts of Ihya' `Ulum al-Din [The Revival of the Religious Sciences]:
A )Definitions at the
beginning of the book "Kitab sharh
`aja'ib al-qalb" [Book of the
Explanation of the Mysteries of the Heart]
b) Section entitled: "The
Soldiers of the Heart" in the same book
c) Section entitled:
"Shaytan's domination over the heart through whispering [al-waswas]"
in the same book
Muslim philosophy site. Interesting selected part of Ihya although book number is not given. Acknowledged Source – the quoted site and
listed in Google ® (downloaded 2/3 May
2002).
http://www.khamush.com/sufism/el-ghazali.htm From The
Way of The Sufi' by Idris Shah
EL-GHAZALI - THE
twelfth-century philosopher and Sufi El-Ghazali quotes in his Book of Knowledge this line from
El-Mutanabbi: 'To the sick man, sweet water tastes bitter in the mouth.'
This could very well be taken as Ghazali's
motto. Eight hundred years before Pavlov, he pointed out and hammered home
(often in engaging parables, sometimes in startlingly 'modern' words) the
problem of conditioning.
In spite of Pavlov and the dozens of books and
report of clinical studies into human behaviour made since the Korean war, the
ordinary student of things of the mind is unaware of the power of
indoctrination. One of the most striking peculiarities of contemporary man is
that, while he now has abundant scientific evidence to the contrary, he finds
it intensely difficult to understand that his beliefs are by no means always
linked with either his intelligence, his culture or his values. He is almost
unreasonably prone to indoctrination. Indoctrination, in totalitarian
societies, is something which is desirable providing that it furthers the
beliefs of such societies. In other groupings its presence is scarcely even
suspected. This is what makes almost anyone vulnerable to it.
Ghazali's work not only predates, but also
exceeds, the contemporary knowledge of these matters. At the time of writing
informed opinion is split between whether indoctrination (whether overt of
covert) is desirable or otherwise, whether too, it is inescapable or not.
I recommend any work on Sufism
either written or translated by Idries Shah who can brilliantly bring his
subject matter into any age. Acknowledged Source –Idries Shah and listed in Google ® (downloaded 2/3 May 2002).
http://answering-islam.org/Index/G/al-ghazali.html
Comparative Index to Islam : Al-Ghazali - includes Further Reading:
The cry of the Heart for God - A Comparison of Mysticism and
Intellect in Saint Augustine and Al-Ghazali - at the heart of Scholaticism Acknowledged Source – quoted site which is
listed in Google ® (downloaded 2/3 May
2002).
http://www.andalus.co.uk/reviewghazali.htm
Review with offer of tapes from Andalus. Organisers were fortunate enough to
invite two of Britain’s leading specialists on Imam al-Ghazali to Glasgow.
During the half day seminar, the audience was given an overview of his life, an
explanation of the difference between ‘inner realities’ and outward forms and a
brief synopsis of al-Ghazali’s most important work, Ihya Ulum al-Din.
Acknowledged Source – quoted site which is listed in Google ® (downloaded 2/3 May 2002).
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The Winchester Al-Ghazali Web Site was originally published as ‘Peter
Greenland’s Al-Ghazali Web Site’
on BT Internet in 1999